上一节中我们通过http协议，采用HttpClient向服务器端action请求数据。当然调用服务器端方法获取数据并不止这一种。WebService也可以为我们提供所需数据，那么什么是webService呢？，它是一种基于SAOP协议的远程调用标准，通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台，不同语言，不同技术整合到一起。
我们在PC机器java客户端中，需要一些库，比如XFire,Axis2,CXF等等来支持访问WebService，但是这些库并不适合我们资源有限的android手机客户端，做过JAVA ME的人都知道有KSOAP这个第三方的类库，可以帮助我们获取服务器端webService调用，当然KSOAP已经提供了基于android版本的jar包了，那么我们就开始吧：
首先下载KSOAP包：ksoap2-android-assembly-2.5.2-jar-with-dependencies.jar包
然后新建android项目：并把下载的KSOAP包放在android项目的lib目录下：右键->build path->configure build path--选择Libraries，如图：
以下分为七个步骤来调用WebService方法：
第一：实例化SoapObject 对象，指定webService的命名空间（从相关WSDL文档中可以查看命名空间），以及调用方法名称。如：
// 命名空间 private static final String serviceNameSpace = " http://WebXml.com.cn/ " ; // 调用方法(获得支持的城市) private static final String getSupportCity = " getSupportCity " ; // 实例化SoapObject对象 SoapObject request = new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
request.addProperty( " 参数名称 " , " 参数值 " );
第三步：设置SOAP请求信息(参数部分为SOAP协议版本号，与你要调用的webService中版本号一致)：
// 获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);envelope.bodyOut = request;
第四步：注册Envelope：
( new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
第五步：构建传输对象，并指明WSDL文档URL：
// 请求URL private static final String serviceURL = " http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx " ; // Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport = new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);transport.debug = true ;
第六步：调用WebService(其中参数为1：命名空间+方法名称，2：Envelope对象)：
transport.call(serviceNameSpace + getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
第七步：解析返回数据：
if (envelope.getResponse() != null ){ return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString()); } /** ************ * 解析XML * @param str * @return */ private static List < String > parse(String str){ String temp; List < String > list = new ArrayList < String > (); if (str != null && str.length() > 0 ){ int start = str.indexOf( " string " ); int end = str.lastIndexOf( " ; " ); temp = str.substring(start, end - 3 ); String []test = temp.split( " ; " ); for ( int i = 0 ;i < test.length;i ++ ){ if (i == 0 ){ temp = test[i].substring( 7 ); } else { temp = test[i].substring( 8 ); } int index = temp.indexOf( " , " ); list.add(temp.substring( 0 , index)); } } return list; }
这样就成功啦。那么现在我们就来测试下吧，这里有个地址提供webService天气预报的服务的，我这里只提供获取城市列表：
// 命名空间 private static final String serviceNameSpace = " http://WebXml.com.cn/ " ; // 请求URL private static final String serviceURL = " http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx " ; // 调用方法(获得支持的城市) private static final String getSupportCity = " getSupportCity " ; // 调用城市的方法(需要带参数) private static final String getWeatherbyCityName = " getWeatherbyCityName " ; // 调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市) private static final String getSupportProvince = " getSupportProvince " ;
然后你可以在浏览器中输入地址（WSDL）：serviceURL,你会看到一些可供调用的方法：
我们选择获取国内外主要城市或者省份的方法吧：getSupportProvice,然后调用，你会发现浏览器返回给我们的是xml文档：
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> - < ArrayOfString xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns ="http://WebXml.com.cn/" > < string > 直辖市 </ string > < string > 特别行政区 </ string > < string > 黑龙江 </ string > < string > 吉林 </ string > < string > 辽宁 </ string > < string > 内蒙古 </ string > < string > 河北 </ string > < string > 河南 </ string > < string > 山东 </ string > < string > 山西 </ string > < string > 江苏 </ string > < string > 安徽 </ string > < string > 陕西 </ string > < string > 宁夏 </ string > < string > 甘肃 </ string > < string > 青海 </ string > < string > 湖北 </ string > < string > 湖南 </ string > < string > 浙江 </ string > < string > 江西 </ string > < string > 福建 </ string > < string > 贵州 </ string > < string > 四川 </ string > < string > 广东 </ string > < string > 广西 </ string > < string > 云南 </ string > < string > 海南 </ string > < string > 新疆 </ string > < string > 西藏 </ string > < string > 台湾 </ string > < string > 亚洲 </ string > < string > 欧洲 </ string > < string > 非洲 </ string > < string > 北美洲 </ string > < string > 南美洲 </ string > < string > 大洋洲 </ string > </ ArrayOfString >
我们可以用 listview来显示：
那么下面我将给出全部代码：
public class WebServiceHelper { // WSDL文档中的命名空间 private static final String targetNameSpace = " http://WebXml.com.cn/ " ; // WSDL文档中的URL private static final String WSDL = " http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl " ; // 需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的洲、国内外省份和城市信息) private static final String getSupportProvince = " getSupportProvince " ; // 需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的城市信息,根据省份查询城市集合：带参数) private static final String getSupportCity = " getSupportCity " ; // 根据城市或地区名称查询获得未来三天内天气情况、现在的天气实况、天气和生活指数 private static final String getWeatherbyCityName = " getWeatherbyCityName " ; /* ******* * 获得州，国内外省份和城市信息 * @return */ public List < String > getProvince(){ List < String > provinces = new ArrayList < String > (); String str = "" ; SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportProvince); // request.addProperty("参数", "参数值");调用的方法参数与参数值（根据具体需要可选可不选） SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.dotNet = true ; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject); // envelope.bodyOut=request; AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation = new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL); // 或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL); try { httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace + getSupportProvince, envelope); SoapObject result = (SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); // 下面对结果进行解析，结构类似json对象 // str=(String) result.getProperty(6).toString(); int count = result.getPropertyCount(); for ( int index = 0 ;index < count;index ++ ){ provinces.add(result.getProperty(index).toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return provinces; } /* ********* * 根据省份或者直辖市获取天气预报所支持的城市集合 * @param province * @return */ public List < String > getCitys(String province){ List < String > citys = new ArrayList < String > (); SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportCity); soapObject.addProperty( " byProvinceName " , province); SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.dotNet = true ; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject); AndroidHttpTransport httpTransport = new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL); try { httpTransport.call(targetNameSpace + getSupportCity, envelope); SoapObject result = (SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); int count = result.getPropertyCount(); for ( int index = 0 ;index < count;index ++ ){ citys.add(result.getProperty(index).toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return citys; } /* ************************** * 根据城市信息获取天气预报信息 * @param city * @return ************************** */ public WeatherBean getWeatherByCity(String city){ WeatherBean bean = new WeatherBean(); SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getWeatherbyCityName); soapObject.addProperty( " theCityName " ,city); // 调用的方法参数与参数值（根据具体需要可选可不选） SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.dotNet = true ; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject); // envelope.bodyOut=request; AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation = new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL); // 或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL); try { httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace + getWeatherbyCityName, envelope); SoapObject result = (SoapObject)envelope.getResponse(); // 下面对结果进行解析，结构类似json对象 bean = parserWeather(result); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return bean; } /* * * 解析返回的结果 * @param soapObject */ protected WeatherBean parserWeather(SoapObject soapObject){ WeatherBean bean = new WeatherBean(); List < Map < String,Object >> list = new ArrayList < Map < String,Object >> (); Map < String,Object > map = new HashMap < String,Object > (); // 城市名 bean.setCityName(soapObject.getProperty( 1 ).toString()); // 城市简介 bean.setCityDescription(soapObject.getProperty(soapObject.getPropertyCount() - 1 ).toString()); // 天气实况+建议 bean.setLiveWeather(soapObject.getProperty( 10 ).toString() + " \n " + soapObject.getProperty( 11 ).toString()); // 其他数据 // 日期， String date = soapObject.getProperty( 6 ).toString(); // --------------------------------------------------- String weatherToday = " 今天： " + date.split( " " )[ 0 ]; weatherToday += " \n天气： " + date.split( " " )[ 1 ]; weatherToday += " \n气温： " + soapObject.getProperty( 5 ).toString(); weatherToday += " \n风力： " + soapObject.getProperty( 7 ).toString(); weatherToday += " \n " ; List < Integer > icons = new ArrayList < Integer > (); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty( 8 ).toString())); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty( 9 ).toString())); map.put( " weatherDay " , weatherToday); map.put( " icons " ,icons); list.add(map); // ------------------------------------------------- map = new HashMap < String,Object > (); date = soapObject.getProperty( 13 ).toString(); String weatherTomorrow = " 明天： " + date.split( " " )[ 0 ]; weatherTomorrow += " \n天气： " + date.split( " " )[ 1 ]; weatherTomorrow += " \n气温： " + soapObject.getProperty( 12 ).toString(); weatherTomorrow += " \n风力： " + soapObject.getProperty( 14 ).toString(); weatherTomorrow += " \n " ; icons = new ArrayList < Integer > (); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty( 15 ).toString())); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty( 16 ).toString())); map.put( " weatherDay " , weatherTomorrow); map.put( " icons " ,icons); list.add(map); // -------------------------------------------------------------- map = new HashMap < String,Object > (); date = soapObject.getProperty( 18 ).toString(); String weatherAfterTomorrow = " 后天： " + date.split( " " )[ 0 ]; weatherAfterTomorrow += " \n天气： " + date.split( " " )[ 1 ]; weatherAfterTomorrow += " \n气温： " + soapObject.getProperty( 17 ).toString(); weatherAfterTomorrow += " \n风力： " + soapObject.getProperty( 19 ).toString(); weatherAfterTomorrow += " \n " ; icons = new ArrayList < Integer > (); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty( 20 ).toString())); icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty( 21 ).toString())); map.put( " weatherDay " , weatherAfterTomorrow); map.put( " icons " ,icons); list.add(map); // -------------------------------------------------------------- bean.setList(list); return bean; } // 解析图标字符串 private int parseIcon(String data){ // 0.gif，返回名称0, int resID = 32 ; String result = data.substring( 0 , data.length() - 4 ).trim(); // String []icon=data.split("."); // String result=icon[0].trim(); // Log.e("this is the icon", result.trim()); if ( ! result.equals( " nothing " )){ resID = Integer.parseInt(result.trim()); } return resID; // return ("a_"+data).split(".")[0]; } }
以及帮助类：
public class WebServiceUtil { // 命名空间 private static final String serviceNameSpace = " http://WebXml.com.cn/ " ; // 请求URL private static final String serviceURL = " http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx " ; // 调用方法(获得支持的城市) private static final String getSupportCity = " getSupportCity " ; // 调用城市的方法(需要带参数) private static final String getWeatherbyCityName = " getWeatherbyCityName " ; // 调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市) private static final String getSupportProvince = " getSupportProvince " ; /* ************ * @return城市列表 ************ */ public static List < String > getCityList(){ // 实例化SoapObject对象 SoapObject request = new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity); // 获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.bodyOut = request; ( new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope); // Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport = new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL); transport.debug = true ; // 调用 try { transport.call(serviceNameSpace + getWeatherbyCityName, envelope); if (envelope.getResponse() != null ){ return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return null ; } public static List < String > getProviceList(){ // 实例化SoapObject对象 SoapObject request = new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportProvince); // 获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.bodyOut = request; ( new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope); // Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport = new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL); transport.debug = true ; // 调用 try { transport.call(serviceNameSpace + getWeatherbyCityName, envelope); if (envelope.getResponse() != null ){ return null ; } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return null ; } /* ************ * @param cityName * @return ************ */ public static String getWeather(String cityName){ return "" ; } /* ************* * 解析XML * @param str * @return */ private static List < String > parse(String str){ String temp; List < String > list = new ArrayList < String > (); if (str != null && str.length() > 0 ){ int start = str.indexOf( " string " ); int end = str.lastIndexOf( " ; " ); temp = str.substring(start, end - 3 ); String []test = temp.split( " ; " ); for ( int i = 0 ;i < test.length;i ++ ){ if (i == 0 ){ temp = test[i].substring( 7 ); } else { temp = test[i].substring( 8 ); } int index = temp.indexOf( " , " ); list.add(temp.substring( 0 , index)); } } return list; } /* ******** * 获取天气 * @param soapObject */ private void parseWeather(SoapObject soapObject){ // String date=soapObject.getProperty(6); } }
以上就是我所作的查询天气预报的全部核心代码了，读者可以根据注释以及本文章了解下具体实现，相信很快就搞明白了，运行结果如下：
到此结束，下一节主要是socket通信了。